Spatial Planning in Perspective of Good Governance (a Study on Analysis of Spatial Planning in Batu City as a Tourism City)

Spatial planning is an effort to improve the welfare of the community and to ensure environmental sustainability by taking into account the comparative advantages in an area and minimizing the development gap by reducing slums, and poor and underdeveloped areas. Regional Spatial Planning Policy is a kind of policy product to control the level of environmental damage and the disorganized development and growth in a city or regency. The role of Batu City Government is to realize Batu City space that is safe, comfortable, productive and sustainable as a superior agropolitan city and tourism city in East Java Province. This article utilized Good Governance Perspective and System Theory to analyze the formulation of Regional Spatial Planning Policy in Batu City. This article firstly explained about tourism development, and secondly described the authority and responsibility of stakeholders in spatial planning formulation. The third part clarified good governance perspective on spatial planning in Batu City and analyzed supporting and inhibiting factors in spatial planning formulation in Batu City. The findings showed that only some actors and factors had strong influence over the formulation of Regional Spatial Planning Policy. Keywords: Good Governace, Governace Perspective, Spatial Planning, Tourism City, Batu City


INTRODUCTION
According to Larsson (2006) spatial planning is an effort to improve the welfare of the community and to ensure environmental sustainability by taking into account the comparative advantages in an area and minimizing the development gaps by reducing slums area, poor and underdeveloped areas. Urban planning is the determination, and assurance of proportional space utilization so that the area may meet aspects of economic activities, and social environment in the city.
Those three aspects are very important for the safety, prosperity, and progress of the people who live in that area. Batu City Local Regulations Number 3 Year 2004, about Spatial Planning of Batu City Year 2003t2013, Article 3 says Purpose of spatial use is to improve the society welfare and for defensive and security purposes realized through a strategy of spatial use implementation aimed to achieve quality •‰ š] o µ• _X Purpose of spatial uses are to improve the welfare of society through strategy of spatial used in formulation and implementation that aimed to achieved quality spatial used. The purposes of spatial planning are: 1) The implementation of environmentally spatial used; 2) The implementation of spatial used arrangement of protected areas and cultivation areas, and 3) Achieved quality of space utilization.
scenery. However, Batu City government was still not able to package and manage it well. During this time, supports from the community for Batu City development as a tourism city were still weak. Some of them were indifferent to the spatial planning development of Batu City and also the cleanliness of the city, because in general human resources of Batu City community were still weak. Majority of them had low and average education, not high education.
If the regulation would not formulated properly it will make bad policy implementation, because the quality of the regulations that were implemented in the the field was not good. There were so many reasons why the formulation of Regional Spatial Planning Policy was not good. The first reason was the lack the quality of human resources, especially the government officers in Batu City, while the second reason was due to the lack of participation from the policy actors and another stakeholders including social participation. If spatial planning which were [11] Spatial Planning in Perspective of Good Governance (Sekarsari, et al.) }v OEv ^‰o}š•_ Á OE v}š (}OEuµo š v implemented properly, disorganization in the city would exist. It would make the growth of slum areas that disrupted transportation system in the city and the difficulty to overcome environmental problems and health impacts resulting from it.
Based on the background above, the research questions in this thesis is how is the spatial planning in Batu City as tourism city in the perspective of Good Governance? The objective of this research is to try to answer the research question. The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the characteristics of spatial planning in Batu City from the perspective of good governance.

Type of Research
In this research, the researcher used descriptive-qualitative type of research. Hybert Hyman in Koentjaraningrat (1991:29)  Data collecting process is the ways that a researcher can use to obtain data (Arikunto, 1990:134). In this research, data collection is conducted with several ways, as the followings: a) Library Study, conducted by collecting data from a number of references related to spatial planning, good government, tourism city, etc. b) Field Study, utilizes data collection technique such as observation, interview, and documentation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1. Good Governance perspective on spatial planning in Batu City as tourism city
Policy input greatly affects the policy output through conversion process. The policy output greatly affects environment and than gives feedback to the systems. There was good policy if input, processes properly would produce good policy output, and reflect good feedback to the systems. This because the four stages are very closely related and could not be separated from one another.
Researcher  The responsiveness of the Government of Batu City, as far as I know, is reflected in their quick response when problem arises or when they receive reports from the society/village apparatus, such as obstacles in improving human resources/SMB and other issues related to spatial planningX_ ~/nterviewed on April 04, 2013). Based on the research results and all of š [•U Á }µo o OEv }µš šZ six characteristics of good governance that still weak in processes of spatial planning policy formulation in Batu City as tourism city. We could also identify which aspects that had passive role in the formulation of spatial planning in Batu City. Thus, we could conclude that:

Transparency
Spatial Planning in Perspective of Good Governance (Sekarsari, et al.) Transparency was quite good in so many aspect, such as in cooperation among •š l Z}o OE• ]v ^‰µ o] š •š_U ]v ‰OE}À] socialization about spatial planning to society in every villages in Batu City.
Transparency and cooperation among various stakeholders could be seen in the public tests and how they broadcast in the local TV station, and radios. When the policy was passed and validated by the Local House of representative (DPRD), they would publish it in the local newspapers, official Municipal website, and official Provincial website of East Java Province. On www.jdih.jatimprov.go.id, every people had privilege to download all of the local regulations that produced by each districts or cities. There was no limitation for people to access the contents in that website because it would made the people to became more awareness on the laws and regulations. Beside that, it would be minimized dissatisfaction or protests towards the Batu City government policies.
Batu City government, especially through Human Settlement and Spatial Planning Department that would be provided socialization through spatial planning maps to every villages in Batu City.

Rule of Law
Rule of law characteristic very clear in here, because it became legal basis or foundations of formulation of regional spatial planning policy. Act No. 26 Year 2007 on Spatial Planning and Regulation of the Ministry of Public Works No. 20 Year 2011 in the regional spatial planning policy and detailed urban spatial planning as foundations of formulation of regional spatial planning policy of Batu City.

Openness
Openness These institutions had provided positive responses to society who wanted to express their assumptions and freedom of speech in form of suggestions and criticisms in the Public Test forum before the policy draft was validated.

Participation
Participation was needed in policy formulation and implementation on spatial planning policy of Batu City to make a good policy input and policy process. If there was no participant in policy formulation and implementation, then the policy could not be formulated and implemented well.
In this case, participation had not been so good because the society still passive and just follow the government policies without criticize the essence of the policies because of the weak of human resources of Batu City people.
The others government institutions beside of Bappeda, had participated by provide inputs and suggestions on the policy drafts that being tested. They also tend to be passive when there was no policy product presented. They only wanted to criticize and give suggestions when there was policy drafts being publicly tested without any initiatives to give inputs and suggestions.
If this condition continues, it would be produced negative impacts in the Batu City development because it lack of inputs for their policies. Without sufficient inputs it would negatively affect policy process and policy outputs and it would given adversely affect to the society itself.

Accountability
Accountability was needed in every stage of policy making, not only in policy formulation and implementation because the government should be responsible with the decision that taken in every stage of policy. In terms of accountability, especially in public test, all institutions namely Local Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) Batu City, Tourism and Culture Department of Batu City and Human Settlement and Spatial Planning Department of Batu City had been worked very well according to their own tasks and functions and had been supported one another.

Responsiveness
Responsiveness was needed, especially in the process of policy formulation. Government policy should encompass all inputs from all stakeholders, especially from the society. Therefore, the government had to responsive to the complaints or problems that exist in the community. The government had to quick and responsive to answer the needs of the community. This responsive attitude had been shown in almost all institutions in Batu City in the public test. In general, they had been responsive and listen the aspirations and complaints of society. in the public test.
All stakeholders were invited, including society, private sector, public figure, Local Development Planning Agency ( properly manage the land, inside and outside the borders of a city or village, and give optimal functionality to areas in accordance to their natural and anthropogenic potential. Much more, the attempts for elaborating such territorial analyses, which are considered the step towards sustainable development, are financially supported by the local budgets of the administrative-territorial units and other private or public bodies. If this case compared with prior research to see another spatial planning problems in Batu City, we will find this point: 1) The implementation that enabled the society to promote public participation in the planning process (such as promoting boarding house, creating souvenirs for the improvement of local products, training village people to work as guide and tourist service providers, giving some influence to investors to employ village people, and developing agricultural tourism). 2) Investors, and local government should properly manage the land, inside and outside the borders of a city and give optimal functionality to areas in accordance with their natural potentials. The attempts for elaborating such territorial analysis, which are considered step towards sustainable development, financially supported by the local budgets of the administrative territorial units and other private or public bodies. And we should always remember that development is not only designed for tourism development, but also become feasible choice and answer for future social and economic coherence and rational evolution.

CONCLUSION
Transparency was good in the aspects of }}‰ OE š]}v u}vP •š l Z}o OE• ]v ^‰µ o] š •š_U and in provide socialization about spatial planning to society in every villages in Batu City. we can see and analize the foundations of formulation of regional spatial planning policy Openness characteristic in this case showed on the easy system that government institutions P À š} oo }( •š l Z}o OE š} •• šZ ]OE š [•X They also had provided positive responses in public test to listen and accept suggestions and criticisms. In the participation aspect still weak, because they still passive and just follow the government policies without criticize the essence of the policies because of the weak of human resources. In terms of accountability, especially in public test, all of government instituions had